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Selasa, 24 Februari 2015
Data Acquisition System/ Virtual Instrumentation System
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Telephony Systems Trainer
INTRODUCING
The term digital commutation is directly
related with the communication (or connection) networks. Formerly, any
communication established through a switch station occupied a physical
path separate from the rest, by means of a matrix of cross points,
mechanically implemented (spatial commutation). Thanks to the
development of the digital technology, the electromechanical networks
have been replaced by electronic circuits, based on the digital (or
temporal) commutation. The CODITEL trainer is based on a digital or
temporal commutator enabling the study of emission in any order on the
channels of an outlet multiplex. The samples that are shown in a certain
order, on channels of an inlet multiplex.
DESCRIPTION
CODITEL is a digital circuit commutation
unit for didactic purposes. Its structure is like a temporal commutator
structure with two MIC ways, one
inlet way and one outlet way. Basically, it follows the recommendation of the CCITT and of Telephony.
This trainer consist of the following parts: interfaces (connection with the outer world), internals, digital connection network and control system:
Interfaces:
It consists of four user line circuits, two lines for tone terminals (multifrequency) and two lines for pulse terminals (decadic), made in different ways:
The multifrequency circuits are hybrid integrated circuits carrying out all the basic functions of a line circuit.
The decadic circuits, where all their structure is mounted discrete components.
The four line circuits are compatible with commercial user apparatus.
Internals:
The trainer has four number receiver, two of them are pulse receivers (decadic) and the other are tone receivers (DTMF), assigned to a specific line. It
has a time base that supplies the appropriate temporization for the whole system and a digital tone generator.
Digital connection network:
The connection network is a temporal commutation matrix, made with memories. Its architecture is like the one with a sequential writing and
asynchronous reading commutator.
Control system:
The control is carried out by a program stored in the computer (PC), and it is executed under the windows operating system 2000 or higher.
The communication between the computer (PC) the interface through serial RS232 protocol.
inlet way and one outlet way. Basically, it follows the recommendation of the CCITT and of Telephony.
This trainer consist of the following parts: interfaces (connection with the outer world), internals, digital connection network and control system:
Interfaces:
It consists of four user line circuits, two lines for tone terminals (multifrequency) and two lines for pulse terminals (decadic), made in different ways:
The multifrequency circuits are hybrid integrated circuits carrying out all the basic functions of a line circuit.
The decadic circuits, where all their structure is mounted discrete components.
The four line circuits are compatible with commercial user apparatus.
Internals:
The trainer has four number receiver, two of them are pulse receivers (decadic) and the other are tone receivers (DTMF), assigned to a specific line. It
has a time base that supplies the appropriate temporization for the whole system and a digital tone generator.
Digital connection network:
The connection network is a temporal commutation matrix, made with memories. Its architecture is like the one with a sequential writing and
asynchronous reading commutator.
Control system:
The control is carried out by a program stored in the computer (PC), and it is executed under the windows operating system 2000 or higher.
The communication between the computer (PC) the interface through serial RS232 protocol.
SPECIFICATIONS
- CODITEL. Trainer:
System is mounted on a desktop box. Diagram in the front panel of the unit with the same structure as the real hardware. Provides access to all main signals. Follows all the recommendations of CCITT (Cosultive Comitte International Telephony and Telegraphy). Structure is based on the standard for digital commutation systems. Time division multiplexing(TDM) and Pulse code Modulation (PCM) principles. Communication based on a temporal commutator that supports up to fifteen complete internal communications with two MIC ways, one inlet way and one outlet way. Standard MIC system of 32 channels with dynamic assignament and frame
synchronization. 30 channels used for voice transmission and 2 used for signalling and synchronism. Signal conversion using standard codec, 8 KHz of sample rate, 8 bits per sample and 64Kb/s per channel and 2,048 Mb/s system frame. Internal hardware consists of two electronics boards: an analog board with all integrated and discrete analog elements and a digital board based on FPGA technology.
Structure integrated with all the internal common elements in a telephone system:
subscriber´s line, tone generator, base of times, filtering stage, switching matrix, number decoders and control memory. Two subscriber`s lines implemented with discrete elements (hybrid coils, ring circuit, supply circuit). Two subscriber`s lines implemented with integrated elements Subscriber`s Line Interface Circuits (SLIC). Functions as battery feed, overvoltage protection, ringing, coding and decoding, supervision, signalling, 2-4 wires conversion and test( BORSCHT functions) covered, in each line. High precision digital tone synthetizer 400 Hz (dial invitation tone, call recapturing tone and busy tone) using Direct Digital Synthetizer (DDS). Four commercial receptors (telephones), two used for signaling by pulses and other two for tones or Dual Tone Multi Frequency Signalling (DTMF). Switching memory matrix, control memory and base of times implemented with FPGA technology with high stability and fiability. Standard RS232 protocol for communication between the PC and the trainer. - CODITEL/CCSOF. Computer Control and Graphic Visualization Software:
Compatible with actual Windows operating systems. It is executed under windows operating system 2000 or higher. Compatible with the industry standards. In combination with the hardware, Coditel Software is supplied with the system. Coditel software has a user friendly graphical interface that provides totally control and visualization of the telephone system. - Cables and Accessories, for normal operation.
- Manuals:
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals: Required Services, Assembly and Installation, Interface and Control Software, Starting-up, Safety, Maintenance, Calibration & Practices Manuals.
GPS Trainer
SPECIFICATIONS
This EGPS trainer will provide a basic
understanding of the GPS Fundamentals, Satellite & Design Aspects of
GPS Receiver by actually connecting to the Satellite by GPS Antenna.
- Metallic box.
- Power Supply.
- GPS Unit.
- Serial Cable M/F.
- Mains lead.
- GPS Antenna.
- Software CD.
- PC Interface - RS232 Port.
- Cables and accessories, for normal operation.
Manuals:
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals:
Required Services, Assembly and Installation, Interface and Control
Software, Starting-up, Safety, Maintenance, Calibration & Practices
Manuals.
APKAL 45 Multimeter, Analog
Untuk pengukuran tagangan arus dan hambatan. Dapat juga untuk
pengecekan kesinambungan penghantar yang ditandai dengan indikator LED.
Dilengkapi dengan pengatur nol Ohm dan sekring pengaman.
Batas ukur:
- Tegangan DC
- Skala: 0 - 0,5 - 2,5 - 10 - 50 - 250 - 1000 V
- Akurasi: 4% (pada skala penuh)
- Sensitifitas: 20 kΩ/v
- Tegangan AC
- Skala: 10 - 50 - 250 - 1000 V
- Akurasi: 5% (pada skala penuh)
- Sensitifitas: 9 kΩ/v
- decibelmeter: -10 s/d +50dB 0 dB = 1 mw/600 Ω
- Kuat arus DC
- 50 μ - 2.5 m - 25 m - 250 mA (10 A)
- Akurasi: 4% (pada skala penuh)
- Tegangan jatuh: 750 mV 50 μA Skala: 0,1 V
- Hambatan
- ×1, ×10, ×100, ×1 k dan × 10 k Ω.
APFGE 13 Tangki Riak, dengan Stroboskop Digital
Merupakan pengembangan dari Tangki Riak FGE 12 dengan menggunakan teknologi stroboskop digital.
Unit Stroboskop Digital (PWM 145) memiliki fitur:
- Indikator digital untuk menunjukkan frekuensi gelombang.
- Mode sinkronisasi cahaya dan gelombang. Pada mode sinkron, frekuensi strobo dan gelombang
- permukaan air di-sinkron-kan, sehingga gelombang akan tampak diam. Pada mode tidak sinkron gelombang akan tampak bergerak.
- Pengatur frekuensi gelombang dan pengatur amplitude gelombang.
- Piringan stroboskop.
- Fungsi pemicu manual, untuk menghasilkan gelombang satu per satu.
- Sumber cahaya halogen 12 V, 25 watt.
- Tegangan masukan 12 V 5 A.
Set ini lengkap dengan aksesoris untuk percobaan gelombang.
APFAL 68 Pengeras Suara
Pengeras suara pada dudukan kayu untuk berbagai percobaan tentang bunyi.
- Impedansi: 8 Ω
- Daya maksimum: 5 W
- Dilengkapi terminal sekrup 4 mm
- Diameter corong: ± 9 mm
- Dilengkapi kasa pelindung
APFAL 55 Penguat Frekuensi Audio
Penguat satu saluran yang dilengkapi dengan penguat mikrofon dan pengatur besar keluaran.
- Tanggapan frekuensi: 10 Hz - 20 kHz (pada 3 dB).
- Daya keluaran maksimum 4 watt pada beban 8 Ω.
- Impedansi input mikrofon: 600 Ω.
- Soket masukan mikrofon: soket 4 mm, mono.
- Tegangan masukan 110/220 AC V, dengan proteksi sekring.
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