INTRODUCTION
The Biodiesel is a fuel, substitute of
the gas-oil for diesel motors, which may be produced from agricultural
raw materials (vegetable oils and/or animal fats) and methanol (which
can also be produced from agricultural wastes). The Biodiesel has the
same properties of the diesel fuel used as fuel for cars, lorries and
buses, and can be mixed in any proportion with the diesel, obtained from
the petroleum refining. It is not necessary to make any modification in
the motors to be able to use this fuel. The Biodiesel, from the point
of view of the inflammability and toxicity, is safer than the gas-oil
that comes from the petroleum; it is not dangerous for the environment
and it is biodegradable. The Biodiesel is not harmful for the human
health, for the vegetation, for the animal life and does not damage
monuments or buildings. Therefore, its use is advantageous compared to
the diesel fuel, especially for public transport at the big cities. It
is safe and easy to transport because of its biodegradability; besides,
it has an ignition point higher than the diesel fuel. From the energy
point of view, it does not exhaust the natural resources.
Its possibility of an immediate use for motors can be deserved:
The Biodiesel burns perfectly and does not require any kind of modification in existent motors. Besides, they can feed alternatively with biodiesel, or with diesel fuel, or with the mixing of both. The use of Biodiesel increases motors life due to the fact that it has a greater lubricant power. Moreover, the auto ignition, the power and the torque remain inalterable. Nowadays, this fuel is not an experimental alternative, but it is a reality in the market. Furthermore, it is very interesting for those countries that have a great agricultural potentiality with the possibility to produce oleaginous, with low costs, since they have the chance to maintain or increase the sowed area, to keep up prices of the oleaginous and therefore to create a new activity agribusiness that expands the agricultural production and the oily one as well, creating employment and helping definitely the environment. From the chemical point of view, the Biodiesel is a mixing of the methyl esters of the fatty acids of the vegetal oils or animal fats, used as a raw material.
Its possibility of an immediate use for motors can be deserved:
The Biodiesel burns perfectly and does not require any kind of modification in existent motors. Besides, they can feed alternatively with biodiesel, or with diesel fuel, or with the mixing of both. The use of Biodiesel increases motors life due to the fact that it has a greater lubricant power. Moreover, the auto ignition, the power and the torque remain inalterable. Nowadays, this fuel is not an experimental alternative, but it is a reality in the market. Furthermore, it is very interesting for those countries that have a great agricultural potentiality with the possibility to produce oleaginous, with low costs, since they have the chance to maintain or increase the sowed area, to keep up prices of the oleaginous and therefore to create a new activity agribusiness that expands the agricultural production and the oily one as well, creating employment and helping definitely the environment. From the chemical point of view, the Biodiesel is a mixing of the methyl esters of the fatty acids of the vegetal oils or animal fats, used as a raw material.
SPECIFICATIONS
- BPPC. Unit:
Anodized aluminium structure. Panels and main metallic elements in stainless steel.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution that the elements in the real unit.
Alcohol tank.
Oil/fat tank.
Pre-heater of alcohol.
Reflux condenser.
Total condenser.
Biodiesel reactor.
Cooler.
Recovered alcohol tank.
Product tank: Glycerin.
Product tank: Biodiesel.
Temperature sensors.
Flow sensors.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution that the elements in the real unit.
Alcohol tank.
Oil/fat tank.
Pre-heater of alcohol.
Reflux condenser.
Total condenser.
Biodiesel reactor.
Cooler.
Recovered alcohol tank.
Product tank: Glycerin.
Product tank: Biodiesel.
Temperature sensors.
Flow sensors.
- BPPC/CIB. Control Interface Box :
Control interface box with process
diagram in the front panel and with the same distribution that the
different elements located in the unit, for an easy
understanding by the student.
All sensors, with their respective signals, are properly manipulated for -10V. to +10V computer output.
Sensors connectors in the interface have different pines numbers (from 2 to 16), to avoid connection errors.
Single cable between the control interface box and computer.
The unit control elements are permanently computer controlled, without necessity of changes or connections during the whole process test procedure.
Simultaneously visualization in the computer of all parameters involved in the process.
Calibration of all sensors involved in the process.
Real time curves representation about system responses.
Storage of all the process data and results in a file.
Graphic representation, in real time, of all the process/system responses.
All the actuators’ values can be changed at any time from the keyboard allowing the analysis about curves and responses of the whole process.
All the actuators and sensors values and their responses are placed in only one computer screen.
Shield and filtered signals to avoid external interferences.
Real time PID control with flexibility of modifications from the computer keyboard of the PID parameters, at any moment during the
process.
Real time PID and on/off control for pumps, compressors, resistances, control valves, etc.
Real time PID control for parameters involved in the process simultaneously.
Open control allowing modifications, at any time and in a real time , of parameters involved in the process simultaneously.
Proportional control, integral control and derivative control, based on the real PID mathematical formula, by changing the values, at any time, of
the three control constants (proportional, integral and derivative constants).
Possibility of automatization of the actuators involved in the process.
Three safety levels, one mechanical in the unit, other electronic in control interface and the third one in the control software.
understanding by the student.
All sensors, with their respective signals, are properly manipulated for -10V. to +10V computer output.
Sensors connectors in the interface have different pines numbers (from 2 to 16), to avoid connection errors.
Single cable between the control interface box and computer.
The unit control elements are permanently computer controlled, without necessity of changes or connections during the whole process test procedure.
Simultaneously visualization in the computer of all parameters involved in the process.
Calibration of all sensors involved in the process.
Real time curves representation about system responses.
Storage of all the process data and results in a file.
Graphic representation, in real time, of all the process/system responses.
All the actuators’ values can be changed at any time from the keyboard allowing the analysis about curves and responses of the whole process.
All the actuators and sensors values and their responses are placed in only one computer screen.
Shield and filtered signals to avoid external interferences.
Real time PID control with flexibility of modifications from the computer keyboard of the PID parameters, at any moment during the
process.
Real time PID and on/off control for pumps, compressors, resistances, control valves, etc.
Real time PID control for parameters involved in the process simultaneously.
Open control allowing modifications, at any time and in a real time , of parameters involved in the process simultaneously.
Proportional control, integral control and derivative control, based on the real PID mathematical formula, by changing the values, at any time, of
the three control constants (proportional, integral and derivative constants).
Possibility of automatization of the actuators involved in the process.
Three safety levels, one mechanical in the unit, other electronic in control interface and the third one in the control software.
- DAB. Data Acquisition Board:
PCI Data acquisition board (National Instruments) to be placed in a computer slot. Bus PCI.
Analog input:
Number of channels= 16 single-ended or 8 differential.
Resolution=16 bits, 1 in 65536.
Sampling rate up to: 250 KS/s (Kilo samples per second).
Input range (V)= 10V.
Data transfers=DMA, interrupts, programmed I/0. Number of DMA channels=6.
Analog output:
Number of channels=2.
Resolution=16 bits, 1 in 65536.
Maximum output rate up to: 833 KS/s.
Output range(V)= 10V.
Data transfers=DMA, interrupts, programmed I/0.
Digital Input/Output:
Number of channels=24 inputs/outputs.
D0 or DI Sample Clock frequency: 0 to 1 MHz.
Timing:
Counter/timers=2.
Resolution: Counter/timers: 32 bits.
Analog input:
Number of channels= 16 single-ended or 8 differential.
Resolution=16 bits, 1 in 65536.
Sampling rate up to: 250 KS/s (Kilo samples per second).
Input range (V)= 10V.
Data transfers=DMA, interrupts, programmed I/0. Number of DMA channels=6.
Analog output:
Number of channels=2.
Resolution=16 bits, 1 in 65536.
Maximum output rate up to: 833 KS/s.
Output range(V)= 10V.
Data transfers=DMA, interrupts, programmed I/0.
Digital Input/Output:
Number of channels=24 inputs/outputs.
D0 or DI Sample Clock frequency: 0 to 1 MHz.
Timing:
Counter/timers=2.
Resolution: Counter/timers: 32 bits.
- BPPC/CCSOF.Computer Control+Data Acquisition+Data Management Software:
Compatible with actual Windows operating systems. Graphic and intuitive simulation of the process in screen.
Compatible with the industry standards.
Registration and visualization of all process variables in an automatic and simultaneously way.
Flexible, open and multicontrol software, developed with actual windows graphic systems, acting simultaneously on all process parameters.
Analog and digital PID control. Menu for PID and set point selection required in the whole work range.
Management, processing, comparison and storage of data.
Sampling velocity up to 250,000 data per second guaranteed.
Student calibration system for all sensors involved in the process.
It allows the registration of the alarms state and the graphic representation in real time.
Comparative analysis of the obtained data, after to the process and modification of the conditions during the process.
Open software, allowing to the teacher to modify texts, instructions. Teacher’s and student’s passwords to facilitate the teacher’s control on the
student, and allowing the access at different work levels.
This unit allows that the 30 students of the classroom can visualize simultaneously all results and manipulation of the unit, during the process, by
using a projector.
Compatible with the industry standards.
Registration and visualization of all process variables in an automatic and simultaneously way.
Flexible, open and multicontrol software, developed with actual windows graphic systems, acting simultaneously on all process parameters.
Analog and digital PID control. Menu for PID and set point selection required in the whole work range.
Management, processing, comparison and storage of data.
Sampling velocity up to 250,000 data per second guaranteed.
Student calibration system for all sensors involved in the process.
It allows the registration of the alarms state and the graphic representation in real time.
Comparative analysis of the obtained data, after to the process and modification of the conditions during the process.
Open software, allowing to the teacher to modify texts, instructions. Teacher’s and student’s passwords to facilitate the teacher’s control on the
student, and allowing the access at different work levels.
This unit allows that the 30 students of the classroom can visualize simultaneously all results and manipulation of the unit, during the process, by
using a projector.
- Cables and Accessories.
- Manuals:
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals:
Required Services, Assembly and Installation, Interface and Control
Software, Starting-up, Safety, Maintenance,
Calibration & Practices Manuals
Calibration & Practices Manuals
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